various defilements that arise in its wake. See Dhp 251, 337, 339­–340, and 347. It could also stand for the stream of becoming, mentioned in Sn 3:12. 9. Nd I: "Before," "after," and "in between" = past, future, and present. 10. "Isnât defeated, suffers no loss"—two meanings of the Pali phrase, na jiyyati. 11. Nd I defines "perturbation" as meaning "craving," and "unperturbed" as meaning unmoved by gain, loss, status, loss of status, praise, criticism, pleasure, or pain (see AN 8:6–7). However, when the Buddha discusses the meaning of "unperturbed" in Sn 5:3, he relates it to the practice of concentration. See Sn 5:3, note 5. 12. Sama. See Sn 1:12, note 11. 13. See Ud 2:10. - --> - - - -