ctive verses. 11. Sakka is the king of the devas of the Thirty-three, a level of heaven that contains many of the old Vedic devas. "Ancient giver" (purindada) is the Pali transformation of the Vedic epithet for Sakka, puraṃdara, "fort-shatterer." This transformation reflects the more peaceful role that Sakka assumes as a disciple of the Buddha in the Pali Canon (see DN 21). For another instance of this new epithet, see DN 20. 12. Yakkha. See Sn 3:4, note 17, and Sn 4:11, note 5. 13. This is a pun on the word vaṃṃa, which means both "praise" and "beauty/splendor." See also: DN 29; MN 14; MN 35; MN 36; MN 58; MN 101; SN 42:8; SN 42:9; SN 55:23, AN 3:62; AN 3:71; AN 4:195; AN 9:38 - --> - - - -