of singularity act as the basis of the four formless attainments. Here, however, perceptions of singularity include the perceptions acting as the basis for the first jhṅna. 2. The Thai edition of DN 15 adds here: "and (some) beings in the four realms of deprivation." This phrase is not found in the Sri Lankan, Burmese, or PTS editions of DN 15, nor is it found in any of the editions of this sutta. However, without it there is nothing to cover the beings in the lower realms not included in the first abode for beings. They would appear to belong here or—if singularity of perception has to relate to the jhṅnas—to the following category. See also: SN 22:86; SN 23:2; SN 44:9; Khp 4 - --> - - - -